Apparatus for the burning of gaseous hydrocarbons and gas-oils



"J n- 14, 9 T NAGEL 2,819,758

APPARATUS FOR Ti-IE BURNING 0F GASEOUS HYDROCARBONS AND GAS-OILS Filed Aug. 4, 1955 Fig. 1

IN V EN TOR. THEODORE NAGEL filmyzm.

A TTORNEY United States Patent 0 'v i My invention relates to animproved methodland appa- "ratus'for'the burning of' fuels, su'chas gas-oil, gaseous hydrocarbons,.etc., and has for. one of -its objectsto provide1a method and apparatus wherein the-air for supporting combustion is inducedsby stack draft, thereby elimi- 'nating the necessityfor air blowers and the-like; further- 15 more, when using gas-oil as .thejfuel, it flows ,by..-gravity to the burner, thereby eliminating theneces'sityfj for pressure pumps -or' .the'like.

, A further object of my invention is to' provide' for more complete combustion than obtained with .existingequip- .ment, thereby .-eliminating .carbon .deposit .the

burner.

:Another. object of..my inventionis .to provide an apparatus capable of burning. gas-oil or.gaseousehydrocarbons at-.the will.0f.-the user,..the change-over -inv0lving,.merely 25 .ithe. shutting-off of the one fuel and. turning on ofuthe other.

. A further objectof .my invention isto provide an apparatus. within-which I. obtain maximum admixture =of/the .fueland air, resulting-as aforesaid, in complete combustion of .the :fuelandv unusually high-temperature flame .heat

release.

. More specifically, my. invention pprovides sa burner of -.the.-so-called pot type-adapted to be installed. -b'eneath the combustion chamber of a riurnace or other. equipment, -the burner. resting upon adjustable -legs,. which; arei capable xofradjustment so as to seal. ."the bUlEIleI'::8.g&lIlSt tthe.-;com -bustion chamber bottom. .Means I arej -:pr ovidedv :fOr sadimitting, at-rwill, either-tgasroilon;gaseousnhydrocarbonsnto the burner interior. The-gas-oil ;isggravi-tyafed. gThezgas- -eoushydrocarbonsflew-into,theyburner'from a gas service pipeline subjectedhto a slight 1' pressure. Subsequent ::.to initial ignition of the 'fuel to, provide. for continuous-mixing of -the gaseous fuelnan'dair inthebur-ner to efiectcompl'ete cornbustiomthef fuel strearn'isirinduced by theistack draft to flow upwardly in the form'toftanranmilartstream, sand for effecting continuous 'ignitioncand 'partiaLcombustion'of. the fuel, primary air'is induced by1thetdraftatotflow through openings.inwthea-outer shell act the burner, :and then.'rflows'-as"-a converging iannular air 'streamfrintoithe router periphery. of and mixesvwith'lthe fuel rstream. For :i'etfe'cting :-complete :combu'stion of flthis :ignited fuel-air tstream ontfiowing out 0f the" burnen 'secondary air: is 'induced :ls y=.theFdraftuin= su'fii'cient 'volurne to flow through :zthe bottom opening of the burner iixto -and'through a *vertiealflehannel. As this air flows' out of the -upperend i of the bhannel,-' it is' deflectedasia diverging annularstream directed to flow into the inner periphery -of=-and-=rnix-wi-th the ignited fuel-air stream.

Other-novelfeatures ofmy' improvedapparatus will be brought outmore,fullyinthe.-following,detailed description:

The accompanying'drawing is-asectional elevation of i a' burnerembodying-my invention.

' Refer'ring to the drawing -in-detai il,

2 designates the -outer,--heat-conducting cylirid'ricalgshell or 'jbo'dyof my 'improvedburnergprovided with 1airii1let liolesflli. Aswilbbe' seen from the drawing; this: fshell, which is"cy'lindri'calinform, is equipped with a heatconducting bottomA;slppingslightlytoward the axis of th shell.

' The burnershellismountedon" adjustablelegs 6, so

2,819,758 Patented Jan. .14, .1958

rthatfthe burner maybe sealed against thebottomv 8 of the combustion chamber of a furnace orother equipmentwith which my burner is used.

.Mounted axially-sof the burner shell-2 is a cylindrical 5 member 10, having imperforate side walls but open attop .and bottom. This member is welded or otherwise-rigidly secured to theburner bottom -4 and extends upwardly within :the :shell -2, .-preferably to a above the air inlet holes 3 infthe shell.

At the lower .end -.of' the central cylindrical member-n10 I-- mount adamper-:1 2,.which is'vertically adjustable relatively to the central-member, for controlling .-thevolu'me ofsecondary .air, -:whi ch,is induced byv stack-draft itoaflow upward-ly zthrough ilthe, cylindrical member.

At .the .upper end ofwthe member :10? I-.mount=an:im-

'yperforate air defiectoril l. This deflector,whichisxshown .-as "a, fiat disc; ispadjustably mounted on ;a rod 1-6,:whichis attached to and supported;by the memberE'IO.

1.8 :designa'tes; a; hollow, frusto-conical gas or-vapor dis- ;tributor;,concentric withzqthe central cylindrical member .510. The.distributon-surrounds .the member 10, :and its upper end is sealed to this member. distributor is open and terminates above the heat-conducting-ibottomnl. :The'Wall' of the distributor. is. per- :forated.

TheshellzZ 0f therburne'r, in addition to the construclllOl'l HII'eZdYI'I6fEI PQdZitO, :is provided with a' door-opening .22 for'alightingwofl the tburner. .Above the-perforations :or; air 'inlets .31116 'shell :isiprovidedwith 1 an' imperforate, o .afrustorconi'cal, rstreanrconverging member 24, which 1 is na-xially zalignedwvith the' 'shell arid lhas' a 'fiame' 'o'utlet 26,

which isuin axiaL-alignment withtshell- 2.

' Extendinglupwardly through the bottom 4* ofthe burner .and intozthe .dist'ributor -lsisa supply line' 28 forgaseous ihydrocarbons. 1 Below the bottom 4 =of the burner I prorvide: aisurnp :30, which is open tit its upper endi to -the interior of the-shell 2. This sump is equippe'd-Witlr-a wick 32. A :gas-oil supply li-neconnection 34 pro'vides for 0 -supplying gas oil to the. sump by gravity.

-The frusto-co-nical, istream cohver'gingmember 24, -a1 :rea'dy referred toymay be of metal or'rfractory material. Als-o it may be desirable in some instances -to'"provide 'afiame d'e'flector 36--within= the combustion chamber -of the furnace orother'equipment being heated. "by-mounting this deflector on' the upper endof the 'rod 1 6, which carries the air --deflector 14.

From all oftheforegoing it will -beapparenP-that, when operating-0ngaseous hydrocarbons, thisfuel flows 0 't-o-"theburner urider slightpressure and'is continuously discharged" into' the frusto-conical distributor 18. 'Ini- -tially, the-zgas is 'ign'ite'd through the ignition-opening 2 2. "inasrnuch as the upper end of the dist'ributorfl-S fits the central eylinrslricalmember 10, 'thefuelflows' out of the 5 distributor through the perforated 'wa'll' thereof and; as a -verticallyrising,annular-stream; becomes-mixed with the convergingy annular streamof induced primary airent'ering-the-burner through the-air openings 3 in-'the -burner shell 2. The rising ignited annular fuel-air stream thus The lower endof: lthe nular stream, as described in connection with the use of gaseous hydrocarbons as a fuel.

When the burner is cold and it is desired to start up on gas-oil, the wick 32 provides a ready means for initial ignition, and suflicient heat will be generated within sev eral minutes to conduct heat to the burner bottomto start vaporization of the gas-oil, so that operation will then proceed automatically and continuously. The wick 32 not only provides for initial ignition but will provide a torch flame when the oil is turned down to pilot fire.

It will be apparent from all of the foregoing that my invention provides a burner capable of employing either gaseous hydrocarbons or gas-oil as fuel without any change in the equipment other than the shutting oil of one fuel and turning on of the other.

It is to be understood that changes may be made in the details of construction and arrangement of parts hereinabove described within the spirit and scope of my invention.

What I claim is:

1. A burner for hydrocarbons, said burner comprising, in combination, an outer, vertically extending, heatcondu-cting, cylindrical shell; means for mounting said shell in sealed relation to a combustion chamber, with the upper end of said shell opening into said chamber; a heat-conducting bottom for said shell sloping downwardly and inwardly toward the shell axis; a cylindrical member extending upwardly into said shell through said bottom, said shell and said cylindrical member being coaxial, said cylindrical member being open at its upper and lower induced secondary air to the cylindrical member; an air deflector above the upper end of the said cylindrical member for causing induced secondary air flowing upwardly through said cylindrical member to be discharged in the form of a diverging, annular stream; a hollow, frustoconical fuel distributor within said shell, said distributor surrounding said cylindrical member and fitting the same at its upper end, thereby providing an annular space triangular in cross-section between the wall of the distributor and the imperforate wall of the cylindrical member; means for supplying gaseous hydrocarbons to the said space; and a hollow, imperforate, frusto-conical deflector, open at top and bottom, mounted in said shell concentric therewith, the base of said frusto-conical deflector meeting'the side walls of the shell and its top being on a line with the top of the shell, the wall of said distributor and the wall of said shell being perforated, so that the hydrocarbons supplied to the distributor will flow outwardly therefrom in a diverging, annular stream through the perforations in the distributor wall and mix with a converging, annular stream of induced primary air flowing into the shell through the perforations in the shell wall, the mixture of fuel and primary air, as it rises upwardly in the shell, flowing into the diverging stream of secondary air discharging from the upper end of the said cylindrical member,

3. A burner for hydrocarbons, said burner comprising, in combination, an outer, vertically extending, heat-conducting, cylindrical shell; means for mounting said shell in sealed relation to a combustion chamber, with the upper end of said shell opening into said chamber; a heat-conducting bottom for said shell sloping downwardly and inwardly toward the shell axis; a cylindrical member extendends and having imperforate side walls; a damper adjacent the lower end of said cylindrical member and vertically adjustable relatively thereto for regulating the admission of induced secondary air to the cylindrical member; an air deflector above the upper end of the said cylindrical member for causing induced secondary air flowing upwardly through said cylindrical member to be discharged in the form of a diverging, annular stream; a hollow, frusto-conical fuel distributor within said shell, said distributor surrounding said cylindrical member and fitting the same at its upper end, thereby providing an annular space triangular in cross-section between the wall of the distributor and the imperforate wall of the cylindrical member; means for supplying gaseous hydrocarbons to the said space, the wall of said distributor and the wall of said shell being perforated, so that the hydrocarbons supplied to the distributor will flow outwardly therefrom in a diverging, annular stream through the perforations in the distributor wall and mix with a converging, annular stream of induced primary air flowing into the shell through the perforations in the shell wall, the mixture of fuel and primary air, as it rises upwardly in the shell,

flowing into the diverging stream of secondary air discharging from the upper end of the said cylindrical member.

2. A burner for hydrocarbons, said burner comprising, in combination, an outer vertically extending, heat-conducting, cylindrical shell; means for mounting said shell in sealed relation to a combustion chamber, with the upper end of said shell opening into said chamber; a heat-conducting bottom for said shell sloping downwardly and inwardly toward the shell axis; a cylindrical member extending upwardly into said shell through said bottom, said shell and said cylindrical member being coaxial, said cylindrical member being open at its upper and lower ends and having imperforate side walls; a damper adjacent the lower end of said cylindrical member and vertically adjustable relatively thereto for regulating the admission of ing-upwardly into said shell through said bottom, said shell and said cylindrical member being coaxial, said cylindrical member being open at its upper and lower ends and having imperforate side walls; a damper adjacent the lower end of said cylindrical member and vertically adjustable relatively thereto for regulating the admission of induced secondary air to the cylindrical member; an air deflector above the upper end of the said cylindrical member for causing induced secondary air flowing upwardly through said cylindrical member to be discharged in the form of a diverging, annular stream; a hollow, frustoconical fuel distributor within said shell, said distributor surrounding said cylindrical member and fitting the same 'at its upper end, thereby providing an annular space triangular in cross-section between the wall of the distributor and the imperforate wall of the cylindrical member; and means for supplying gas-oil to the burner at the outer periphery of said inclined shell bottom, the wall of said distributor and the wall of said shell being perforated, so that the gas-oil vapors rising from the gas-oil will flow outwardly from the distributor in a diverging, annular stream through the perforations in the distributor wall and mix a with a converging, annular stream of induced primary air flowing into the shell through the perforations in the shell wall, the mixture of fuel and primary air, as it rises upwardly in the shell, fiowinginto the diverging stream of secondary air discharging from the upper end of the said cylindrical member.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 407,198 Grimston July 16, 1889 1,072,624 Larimer Sept. 9, 1913 1,486,103 Milnes Mar. 4, 1924 1,735,658 Schreir Nov. 12, 1929 1,987,487 Moore Jan. 8, 1935 2,290,544 DeLancy July 21, 1942 2,393,252 Breese Ian. 22, 1946 FOREIGN PATENTS 216,523 Germany Nov. 23, 1909 

3. A BURNER FOR HYDROCARBONS, SAID BURNER COMPRISING, IN COMBINATION, AN OUTER, VERTICALLY EXTENDING, HEAT-CONDUCTING, CYLINDRICAL SHEEL; MEANS FOR MOUNTING SAID SHELL IN SEALED RELATION TO A COMBUSTION CHAMBER, WITH THE UPPER END OF SAID SHELL OPENING INTO SAID CHAMBER; A HEAT-CONDUCTING BOTTOM FOR SAID SHELL SLOPING DOWNWARDLY AND INWARDLY TOWARD THE SHELL AXIS; A CYLINDRICAL MEMBER EXTENDING UPWARDLY INTO SAID SHELL THROUGH SAID BOTTOM, SAID SHELL AND SAID CYLINDRICAL MEMBER BEING COAXIAL, SAID CYLINDRICAL MEMBER BEING OPEN AT ITS UPPER AND LOWER ENDS AND HAVING IMPERFORATE SIDE WALLS; A DAMPER ADJACENT THE LOWER END OF SAID CYLINDRICAL MEMBER AND VERTICALLY ADJUSTABLE RELATIVELY THERETO FOR REGULATING THE ADMISSION OF INDUCED SECONDARY AIR TO THE CYLINDRICAL MEMBER; AN AIR DEFLECTOR ABOVE THE UPPER END OF THE SAID CYLINDRICAL MEMBER FOR CAUSING INDUCED SECONDARY AIR FLOWING UPWARDLY THROUGH SAID CYLINDRICAL MEMBER TO BE DISCHARGED IN THE FORM OF A DIVERGING, ANNULAR STREAM; A HOLLOW, FRUSTOCONICAL FUEL DISTRIBUTOR WITHIN SAID SHELL, SAID DISTRIBUTOR SURROUNDING SAID CYLINDRICAL MEMBER AND FITTING THE SAME AT ITS UPPER END, THEREBY PROVIDING AN ANNULAR SPACE TRIANGULAR IN CROSS-SECTION BETWEEN THE WALL OF THE DISTRIBUTOR AND THE IMPERFORATE WALL OF THE CYLINDRICAL MEMBER; AND MEANS FOR SUPPLYING GAS-OIL TO THE BURNER AT THE OUTER PERIPHERY OF SAID INCLINED SHELL BOTTOM, THE WALL OF SAID DISTRIBUTOR AND THE WALL OF SAID SHELL BEING PERFORATED, SO THAT THE GAS-OIL VAPORS RISING FROM THE GAS-OIL WILL FLOW OUTWARDLY FROM THE DISTRIBUTOR IN A DIVERGING, ANNULAR STREAM THROUGH THE PERFORATIONS IN THE DISTRIBUTOR WALL AND MIX WITH A CONVERGING, ANNULAR STREAM OF INDUCED PRIMARY AIR FLOWING INTO THE SHELL THROUGH THE PERFORATIONS IN THE SHELL WALL, THE MIXTURE OF FUEL AND PRIMARY AIR, AS IT RISES UPWARDLY IN THE SHELL, FLOWING INTO THE DIVERGING STREAM OF SECONDARY AIR DISCHARGING FROM THE UPPER END OF THE SAID CYLINDRICAL MEMBER. 